Mike correctly pointed out in his comment to my last post, Strategy By Any Other Name, that I didn’t address the difference between strategy and tactics. Well let’s take a look now. First, I think there are really two questions here. One is “What is the difference between strategy and tactics.” and the other is “What is the difference between strategic and tactical thinking.” These are different questions with different answers. In this post I am going to address the first question “What is the difference between strategy and tactics?”
Strategy Versus Tactics
Strategies are thoughtfully constructed, broad courses of action that lead (or should lead – there are no guarantees with strategies) to the accomplishment of a mission or goal or the resolution of a significant business problem. Strategies lay out the accepted approaches to attaining a goal, defining the boundaries for appropriate action. While the directional component of a strategy is important, it is the boundary setting that sets the stage for appropriate action through tactics.
Tactics are the specific steps used to accomplish a strategy. There are generally multiple tactics employed to achieve a strategic goal. Tactics are smaller in scope than strategies with quantifiable objectives and clear deliverables. The problem with tactics arises when tactics are not aligned with strategy. Tactics can show up in three classes:
Strategy aligned tactics are activities that fit within the guardrails of the strategy. They play a large or small role in moving the strategy forward supporting the larger strategic objectives of the organization. Strategies typically require multiple tactics to come to fruition.
Strategy neutral tactics are day-to-day activities that must be done (or we think they must be done) to keep the business running. They may not help move the strategy forward but neither do they hinder progress.
Strategy negative tactics are activities that either slow strategy momentum or attempt to take the organization in a completely different direction. Most often workers employing these tactics do not have a clear picture of the strategy, pointing out why strategy articulation is so important. Occasionally employees purposefully employ negative tactics. This is a sign of lack of support for a specific strategic direction.
Strategy is long-term whereas tactics is deployed to counter an issue during the process of implementing the strategy